當(dang)前，我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)已全面(mian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向高(gao)(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)新(xin)階段，數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)高(gao)(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)推動國(guo)民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)必由之路，企(qi)業(ye)的(de)高(gao)(gao)質量數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)是(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要抓(zhua)手。黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院高(gao)(gao)度重(zhong)視數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)。習近平總(zong)書記(ji)在黨的(de)二十大報(bao)告中(zhong)明(ming)確指出(chu)(chu)“支持中(zhong)小微企(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)”“支持專精特新(xin)企(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)”“促進數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)深度融(rong)合”。“十四(si)五”規劃(hua)《綱要》中(zhong)明(ming)確提(ti)出(chu)(chu)加快數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字技術與實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)深度融(rong)合，《“十四(si)五”數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)規劃(hua)》對產業(ye)和(he)企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)明(ming)確部(bu)署。2023年政府工作報(bao)告中(zhong)明(ming)確提(ti)出(chu)(chu)“加快傳統產業(ye)和(he)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)，著力提(ti)升高(gao)(gao)端化(hua)、智能化(hua)、綠色化(hua)水平”，為中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)指明(ming)方(fang)向。本文將立足新(xin)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)要求，深入剖(pou)析我國(guo)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)面(mian)臨的(de)困(kun)境，并研(yan)提(ti)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)走(zou)深走(zou)實(shi)的(de)對策建議(yi)。
一、新時期中小企業高質量推進數字化轉型的重要意義
（一）中小企業高質量發展是我國構建現代產業體系的關鍵一環
黨的二(er)十大(da)報告(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)明確提出建(jian)(jian)設(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，2023年政府工作(zuo)報告(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)也將(jiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)作(zuo)為重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點工作(zuo)之一。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)具有高度系(xi)統協(xie)同(tong)性(xing)、全局(ju)統籌性(xing)、動(dong)態調整性(xing)、長(chang)久(jiu)持續性(xing)等(deng)特征(zheng)，更加(jia)注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各環(huan)(huan)節、各環(huan)(huan)節企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的協(xie)同(tong)聯動(dong)、動(dong)態耦合。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的構(gou)建(jian)(jian)，是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈上下游各環(huan)(huan)節企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)的協(xie)同(tong)提升，既離(li)(li)不(bu)開(kai)龍頭(tou)或領(ling)軍企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的牽引帶(dai)動(dong)，同(tong)樣(yang)離(li)(li)不(bu)開(kai)作(zuo)為國民經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)“毛細(xi)血管”的廣大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)關(guan)鍵(jian)環(huan)(huan)節、關(guan)鍵(jian)領(ling)域的“專精(jing)特新”或“隱形冠軍”企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為現(xian)(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)全鏈條的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，對于(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)整體(ti)(ti)競(jing)爭力(li)(li)的提升、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈韌性(xing)的提升、供應鏈的穩定等(deng)具有極其(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)和關(guan)鍵(jian)的作(zuo)用。第四次經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)普查數據顯示，中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)占全部市場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)99%以上，是(shi)國民經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)部分(fen)，是(shi)我(wo)國經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)社會發(fa)展的主(zhu)力(li)(li)軍，是(shi)推動(dong)經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)實現(xian)(xian)高質量(liang)發(fa)展的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基礎，是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)著力(li)(li)點和關(guan)鍵(jian)環(huan)(huan)節。
（二）中小企業數字化轉型是我國全面實現數字化提升的主戰場
各國(guo)紛紛將數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型作為(wei)實現(xian)經濟(ji)高質量發(fa)展的(de)(de)新高地(di)，中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型是主戰場(chang)。美(mei)國(guo)的(de)(de)MEP計劃(hua)、德國(guo)的(de)(de)工業4.0計劃(hua)、歐盟(meng)的(de)(de)2030數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)羅(luo)盤計劃(hua)等(deng)，均針對(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型提出一系列政策(ce)舉(ju)措和遠景(jing)目標(biao)(biao)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)建設的(de)(de)大背景(jing)下(xia)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)高度重視中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型。中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業協會(hui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據顯(xian)示，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)企(qi)業數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型比例約25%，該比例在歐洲為(wei)46%，美(mei)國(guo)為(wei)54%，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)與國(guo)外相比差(cha)距明(ming)顯(xian)。中(zhong)國(guo)電子技術標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)研究院《中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型分析報告》數(shu)(shu)(shu)據顯(xian)示，中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業囿(you)于理念、資本、技術、人才(cai)等(deng)因素，數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)整體(ti)發(fa)展水(shui)平不高，80%處于轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型初步探(tan)索階段，是我(wo)(wo)國(guo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型的(de)(de)重點和難點，面(mian)臨(lin)更(geng)加突出的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型困境(jing)。《“十四五”數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經濟(ji)發(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)》中(zhong)明(ming)確提出實施中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)賦(fu)能專項行動，中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)全面(mian)實現(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型提升的(de)(de)重要(yao)陣(zhen)地(di)。
（三）數字化轉型提升是全面助力中小企業高質量發展的必由之路
量(liang)大面廣的(de)(de)中小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在當前錯綜復雜的(de)(de)國際(ji)國內形(xing)勢下(xia)(xia)，面臨競爭壓力加大、綜合(he)要素(su)成本上(shang)升(sheng)、創新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需求(qiu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協同需求(qiu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)等(deng)新時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)新要求(qiu)，加快推進數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化轉(zhuan)型已成為中小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)適應時(shi)代(dai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)必(bi)修課。中小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在各自(zi)的(de)(de)細分領域具(ju)有輕體量(liang)、高靈活性、決策流程短等(deng)優勢，通過數(shu)字(zi)(zi)技術(shu)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研發(fa)(fa)、生(sheng)產(chan)、管(guan)理、運(yun)營(ying)、銷(xiao)售、服務等(deng)全流程環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)深度融(rong)合(he)，發(fa)(fa)揮數(shu)據作為生(sheng)產(chan)要素(su)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，實現降本增(zeng)(zeng)效提(ti)(ti)質，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)效率和(he)管(guan)理效率，實現“研產(chan)供銷(xiao)服”協同聯(lian)動(dong)，激發(fa)(fa)新模式、新增(zeng)(zeng)長點(dian)和(he)內生(sheng)動(dong)力，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)抗(kang)風險能力。此外，通過數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化轉(zhuan)型提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，主(zhu)動(dong)融(rong)入(ru)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈供應鏈，與(yu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈上(shang)下(xia)(xia)游(you)實現協同聯(lian)動(dong)，進而實現高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
二、當前我國中小企業數字化轉型存在的問題
中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型是我國(guo)實(shi)現全面(mian)數字化(hua)轉(zhuan)型提升(sheng)、助(zhu)力高質量發展的主戰場。但(dan)當前我國(guo)中小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)多處于轉(zhuan)型的初級階段，企(qi)業(ye)處于觀(guan)望(wang)狀態，主要(yao)面(mian)臨的困(kun)境如(ru)下。
（一）投資回報不確定、轉型認知不充分，企業“不愿轉”
數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)型是一(yi)項周(zhou)期(qi)長(chang)、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)大的(de)(de)復雜系統工程(cheng)，更強(qiang)調內功提升(sheng)而非直接收益，需要(yao)在戰略層(ceng)面(mian)對(dui)轉(zhuan)型有深(shen)入(ru)(ru)充分(fen)的(de)(de)認(ren)知(zhi)，并堅持(chi)長(chang)期(qi)持(chi)續投(tou)入(ru)(ru)。但當前中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)由(you)于對(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)型缺乏(fa)深(shen)度理解(jie)，轉(zhuan)型路徑不(bu)清晰，技(ji)術挑戰強(qiang)、資(zi)(zi)金投(tou)入(ru)(ru)量(liang)大、短期(qi)效益不(bu)明(ming)顯、轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)(gao)、業(ye)(ye)務再造難、缺乏(fa)成(cheng)功經驗(yan)案例等原因，多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)處于“不(bu)愿轉(zhuan)”狀態(tai)。調研數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)顯示，從數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化實施到數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)型實現(xian)需要(yao)7-9年，但超(chao)7成(cheng)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)希望3-6個月顯著實現(xian)銷售增長(chang)、降本(ben)增效的(de)(de)目(mu)標，轉(zhuan)型意愿不(bu)強(qiang)。此外，中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)普遍利潤率(lv)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)（信通院數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)顯示，制造業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)稅后利潤率(lv)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)于5%），可用的(de)(de)流動資(zi)(zi)金少，具有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)敏(min)感性(xing)，對(dui)于投(tou)資(zi)(zi)回報不(bu)明(ming)確的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)型投(tou)入(ru)(ru)具有天(tian)然的(de)(de)排斥(chi)性(xing)。
（二）抗風險能力較弱、數據安全存隱患，企業“不敢轉”
與大型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)比，中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化能力參(can)差不(bu)齊，抗風(feng)險能力較(jiao)(jiao)弱(ruo)，轉型試錯容忍度低(di)，融(rong)資較(jiao)(jiao)為困難，過高(gao)(gao)的(de)資金壓力和失(shi)(shi)敗風(feng)險使得(de)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“不(bu)敢轉”。麥(mai)肯錫(xi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)顯(xian)示，我國企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化轉型失(shi)(shi)敗率高(gao)(gao)達80%。此外信任問題也是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“不(bu)敢轉”的(de)原因之一。我國尚未建(jian)立起針對產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)治理的(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規體(ti)系，產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈數(shu)(shu)據(ju)通用、收益分享、所(suo)有權保障等關(guan)鍵機制尚不(bu)成(cheng)熟，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)隱(yin)私(si)、商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機密保護(hu)存在安全隱(yin)患，導(dao)致(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化轉型缺少信任。上(shang)海社科院研究表明，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)保護(hu)不(bu)力、商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機密泄(xie)露、喪失(shi)(shi)定價話語權是中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化轉型的(de)主要隱(yin)憂之一。
（三）老三樣問題突出，市場供給不充足，企業“不會轉”
中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業數(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)面臨的(de)(de)人才(cai)短(duan)缺(que)、資金短(duan)缺(que)、技術(shu)短(duan)缺(que)“老三樣”問題(ti)依(yi)舊突出，疊加當前市場化的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)服務(wu)(wu)供(gong)應商熱衷(zhong)于(yu)做(zuo)面向行業大(da)型(xing)(xing)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)化升級改造(zao)通用方(fang)案(an)，針對(dui)中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業數(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)輕量化、低(di)成(cheng)本、高適(shi)用的(de)(de)“工具箱”匱乏，面臨破解(jie)數(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)服務(wu)(wu)“最后(hou)一公(gong)里(li)”的(de)(de)難題(ti)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業“不會轉(zhuan)(zhuan)”。調(diao)研數(shu)據顯(xian)示，超(chao)過70%的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業需(xu)要依(yi)靠第(di)三方(fang)服務(wu)(wu)商實(shi)現(xian)數(shu)字(zi)化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)，但70%以上的(de)(de)服務(wu)(wu)商瞄準大(da)單子(zi)大(da)項(xiang)目大(da)客戶，在(zai)中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業付費意愿低(di)的(de)(de)背景下沒(mei)有充足的(de)(de)動(dong)力按中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業特點(dian)改進適(shi)配解(jie)決方(fang)案(an)；超(chao)75%的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業數(shu)字(zi)化人才(cai)占比低(di)于(yu)20%。部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業反饋由于(yu)人才(cai)缺(que)乏，導(dao)致技術(shu)難以指導(dao)生產(chan)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)方(fang)向與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業發展(zhan)背道而馳。
三、解決中小企業數字化轉型問題的思路及對策
當前中小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)數字化轉型處于“蓄力期”，客觀上必然存(cun)在上述(shu)“不(bu)愿轉、不(bu)敢(gan)轉、不(bu)會轉”的問題及困境，參照(zhao)德國(guo)、美國(guo)、日本等國(guo)家推動中小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)數字化轉型的經驗，著力聚焦“激發內生需求、優化市(shi)場供給、培育高效生態”三個層(ceng)面，通過供需協同，生態護航，全面助力我(wo)國(guo)中小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)數字化轉型走(zou)深走(zou)實(shi)。
（一）需求側：激發中小企業數字化轉型的內生動力
高效(xiao)發(fa)揮“有(you)為政(zheng)府+有(you)效(xiao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)”的(de)雙(shuang)重驅動(dong)效(xiao)應，激發(fa)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)內生需求和主(zhu)動(dong)性(xing)。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)政(zheng)府以中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)專項行(xing)動(dong)等為抓(zhua)手，聚焦重點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)重點(dian)領(ling)域，牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)關注自(zi)身轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)升級的(de)內在需求。建(jian)(jian)立有(you)針對性(xing)的(de)激勵機制，激發(fa)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)動(dong)加大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)投入。另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，“市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)”無形的(de)手是激發(fa)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開展數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)最大(da)(da)動(dong)力，以訂(ding)單牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)是助力中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)路徑。加快龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)帶動(dong)引(yin)(yin)領(ling)作用(yong)，圍(wei)繞供應鏈實現鏈條式牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)，倒逼中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加速數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)。如寧波市(shi)(shi)(shi)某(mou)汽車行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，通過建(jian)(jian)設產業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈協同平臺，服(fu)務(wu)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)供應商1000多家，提升庫(ku)存(cun)周轉(zhuan)率(lv)5%-25%，降低質量(liang)管控成本10%-15%。
（二）供給側：提供輕量化更貼合企業需求的解決方案
全面推進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給側改革，鼓(gu)勵和(he)引(yin)導(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)商洞察行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)個(ge)性，理解企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)個(ge)性，找準中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)痛點，提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)更(geng)(geng)具針(zhen)對性、輕量化(hua)、低成(cheng)本、高性價比產(chan)(chan)(chan)品工具、解決(jue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案，徹底解決(jue)數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)“最后一(yi)公里”的(de)問題。一(yi)是(shi)鼓(gu)勵數(shu)字科技(ji)公司、平臺企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等各類頭部企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發揮技(ji)術和(he)人(ren)才(cai)優勢，提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)“平臺+低代碼”等方(fang)(fang)(fang)式為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)“小(xiao)而美”的(de)普惠賦能方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。二(er)是(shi)鼓(gu)勵龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發揮鏈(lian)主作用(yong)(yong)，建設面向(xiang)全產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)數(shu)據貫通平臺，開(kai)放數(shu)字資源，結合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升級需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)門檻低、實際(ji)成(cheng)效好(hao)的(de)工具和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量身(shen)定(ding)制數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)服務方(fang)(fang)(fang)案，降低中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)成(cheng)本和(he)壁壘。三是(shi)針(zhen)對不同行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)場景，面向(xiang)重點行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或關(guan)鍵(jian)環(huan)節，開(kai)發更(geng)(geng)易用(yong)(yong)可用(yong)(yong)的(de)數(shu)字化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)工具，培育一(yi)批更(geng)(geng)貼合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實際(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)數(shu)字化(hua)解決(jue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商。
（三）生態側：構筑系統良性的中小企業轉型生態體系
數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是一項長期系(xi)統而復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程，需(xu)要政府(fu)、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、高校(xiao)院所、金(jin)(jin)融機(ji)(ji)構、社會(hui)組(zu)織、創新平(ping)臺等多(duo)(duo)方力(li)(li)量共同構筑良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生態(tai)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)提供(gong)(gong)人(ren)才(cai)、資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)、技(ji)術、服務、政策等多(duo)(duo)種要素(su)保障(zhang)。一是充分發揮政府(fu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)杠桿撬動作用，加(jia)大對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)升級的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)支持(chi)，降(jiang)低轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)成(cheng)本(ben)。拓寬數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)渠道，鼓勵產業(ye)(ye)互聯網平(ping)臺等開(kai)展供(gong)(gong)應鏈金(jin)(jin)融探索(suo)和(he)金(jin)(jin)融機(ji)(ji)構數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)專項金(jin)(jin)融產品創新，為數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)提供(gong)(gong)低成(cheng)本(ben)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)支持(chi)。二是參照美(mei)德日等發達(da)國家經(jing)驗，多(duo)(duo)方共建數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)促(cu)進中(zhong)心，助力(li)(li)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生態(tai)匯(hui)聚。三是在不(bu)同行(xing)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)遴(lin)選(xuan)一批具有代表性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優秀(xiu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，進行(xing)經(jing)驗總結(jie)和(he)復(fu)制推廣(guang)，充分發揮示范(fan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實踐中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)示范(fan)作用。四(si)是加(jia)快數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)人(ren)才(cai)引進與(yu)培(pei)育，加(jia)大對(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)員工(gong)開(kai)展數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)化(hua)素(su)質培(pei)訓和(he)應用人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養；加(jia)強(qiang)網絡和(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)，提供(gong)(gong)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)礎保障(zhang)。
作者(zhe)：王敏 、趙佳菲
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